Anti 8-Nitroguanosine mAb (Clone NO2G52)

8-Nitroguanosine is a nitrated nucleic acid which is formed by peroxynitrite, myeloperoxidase, nitrite, and peroxide. It is known that nitration of guanine is enhanced in virus infection (1, 2), bacterial infection (3, 4), inflammatory disease (5), cancer (5), and diseases associated with smoking (6). 8-nitroguanosine is thought to be a DNA damage marker created by oxidative stress. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important signaling molecule. Interestingly, 8-Nitro-cGMP (nitrated cGMP) has been identified in vivo (3). Therefore, 8-Nitro-cGMP could potentially act as a mediator for reactive oxygen signaling (3, 7-9).

Anti-Nitroguanosine monoclonal antibody (NO2G52), does not cross-react with normal nucleotide bases but selectively reacts with nitro functionalized nucleotides such as nitro-cGMP, nitro-GMP, and nitro-GTP. NO2G52 is commonly used for immunostaining. In addition, NO2G52 can be utilized for affinity purification of nitroguanine derivatives (3,6).

References:
1) T. Akaike, S. Okamoto, T. Sawa, J. Yoshitake, F. Tamura, K. Ichimori, K. Miyazaki, K. Sasamoto and H. Maeda, 8-nitroguanosine formation in viral pneumonia and its implication for pathogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 685-690 (2003).
2) J. Yoshitake, T. Akaike, T. Akuta, F. Tamura, T. Ogura, H. Esumi, and H. Maeda, Nitric oxide as an endogenous mutagen for Sendai virus without antiviral activity, J. Virol., 78, 8709-8719 (2004).
3) T. Sawa, M. H. Zaki, T. Okamoto, T. Akuta, Y. Tokutomi, S. Kim-Mitsuyama, H. Ihara, A. Kobayashi, M. Yamamoto, S. Fujii, H. Arimoto, and T. Akaike, Protein S-guanylation by the biological signal 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Nat. Chem. Biol., 3, 727-735 (2007).
4) M. H.Zaki, S. Fujii, T. Okamoto, S. Islam, S. Khan, K. A. Ahmed, T. Sawa, and T. Akaike, Cytoprotective function of heme oxygenase 1 induced by a nitrated cyclic nucleotide formed during murine salmonellosis, J. Immunol., 182, 3746-3756 (2009).
5) Y. Terasaki, T. Akuta, M. Terasaki, T. Sawa, T. Mori, T. Okamoto, M. Ozaki, M. Takeya and T. Akaike, Guanine nitration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its implication for carcinogenesis, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 174, 665-673 (2006).
6) T. Sawa, M. Tatemichi, T. Akaike, A. Barbin and H. Ohshima, Analysis of urinary 8-nitroguanine, a marker of nitrative nucleic acid damage, by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection coupled with immunoaffinity purification: association with cigarette smoking, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 40, 711-720 (2006).
7) M. Feelisch, Nitrated cyclic GMP as a new cellular signal, Nat. Chem. Biol., 3, 687-688 (2007).
8) K. A. Ahmed, T. Sawa, T. Akaike, Protein cysteine S-guanylation and electrophilic signal transduction by endogeneous nitro-nucleotides, Amino Acids, in press (2010).
9) T. Sawa, H. Arimoto and T. Akaike, Regulation of redox signaling involving chemical conjugation of protein thiols by nitric oxide and electrophiles, Bioconjugate Chem., in press (2010).