HEPATITIS B VIRUS E ANTIGEN (HBeAg)

Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) expressed in E. coli.

PRODUCT DETAILS – HEPATITIS B VIRUS E ANTIGEN (HBeAg)

• Recombinant Hepatitis B virus e antigen.
• Expressed in E. coli and greater than 95% purity by SDS-PAGE.
• Available in liquid format and buffered in 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1.5 M urea, 50% glycerol.

BACKGROUND

HBV is an enveloped DNA virus with a 3.2-kb covalently closed circular DNA, which replicates within the nucleus of infected hepatocytes (Seeger & Mason, 2015). Four genes are present on the virus genome; pre-core/core, polymerase (P), envelope (pre-S1/pre-S2/S) and X. The pre-core/core gene is responsible for expression of core protein as well as Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), a serological marker of HBV infection correlating with high viral load.

The 5′ end of pre-S1, pre-S2 and S regions all have independent start codons which can each generate three co-terminal envelope proteins called large (L; pre-S1 pre-S2 S), middle (M; pre-S2 S), and small (S; with S domain alone) envelope proteins. The S protein is the most abundant envelope protein expressed and can be secreted independently of L and M envelope proteins. After secretion, mature HBeAg is deleted at residue 149 C-terminally and retains 10 pre-core residues N-terminally. Both L and S envelope proteins are needed for virion secretion, while M protein is dispensable (Bruss & Ganem, 1991; Ueda, et al., 1991).

Core particles with mature (double stranded DNA) genome can be enveloped and released as 42-nm virions, with the three envelope proteins inserted on the surface. Empty viral particles (22-nm) are also abundantly produced (Bruss & Ganem, 1991; Ganem & Prince, 2004; Zhang & Tang, 2017).

The exact function of this non-structural protein is unknown. HBeAg is dispensable for replication, as mutant viruses with defects in the pre-C region are both infectious and pathogenic (Mandell, et al., 2009). However, it is thought that HBe may be influential in suppressing the immune systems response to HBV infection by down-regulating Toll-like receptor 2 expression on hepatocytes and monocytes leading to a decrease in cytokine expression. The presence of HBeAg in patient serum can serve as a marker of active replication in chronic hepatitis.

REFERENCES

• Bruss, V. & Ganem, D., 1991. The role of envelope proteins in hepatitis B virus assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 88(3), pp. 1059-63.
• Ganem, D. & Prince, A. M., 2004. Hepatitis B virus infection–natural history and clinical consequences. N. Engl. J. Med., Volume 350, pp. 1118-1129.
• Mandell, G., Bennett, J. & Dolin, R., 2009. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7 ed. s.l.:Elsevier.
• Seeger, C. & Mason , W. S., 2015. Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection. Virology, pp. 672-686.
• Ueda, K., Tsurimoto, T. & Matsubara, K., 1991. Three envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus: large S, middle S, and major S proteins needed for the formation of Dane particles. J Virol. , 65(7), pp. 3521-9.
• Zhang, F. & Tang, X., 2017. Characterization of contrasting features between hepatitis B virus genotype A and genotype D in small envelope protein expression and surface antigen secretion. Virology, Volume 503, pp. 52-61.