MOUSE ANTI-PLASMODIUM VIVAX CSP ANTIBODY (PVC-2)

Mouse Anti Plasmodium vivax CSP antibody (clone PVC-2) recognises Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP). The antibody is suitable for ELISA and Western blot applications.

PRODUCT DETAILS – MOUSE ANTI-PLASMODIUM VIVAX CSP ANTIBODY (PVC-2)

• Mouse Anti Plasmodium vivax CSP (IgG1, clone PVC-2) monoclonal antibody.
• Recognises Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP).
• Suitable for use in ELISA and Western blot applications.
• Purified by Protein G Sepharose chromatography.
• Presented in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4 with 0.09% sodium azide.

BACKGROUND

Malaria is a globally widespread infectious disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Five different species of Plasmodium are known to cause disease in humans including P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi. Most cases of Malaria occur in African regions and the Americas. In African regions, P. falciparum causes the majority of malaria cases, whereas P. vivax is the predominant cause of malaria in regions of the Americas (WHO). Malaria remains a major global health issue with approximately 216 million cases per year (WHO, 2017) and P. falciparum accounted for the majority of the 445,000 deaths which occurred in 2016 due to malaria.

Within the human host, there are two main malaria life cycle stages (Anum et al., 2015): the pre-erythrocytic stage and the blood stage. The pre-erythrocytic stage can be divided into an early sporozoite stage and the liver stage. During the early sporozoite stage, sporozoites are injected into the skin, enter the blood stream, and consecutively infect hepatocytes. The ensuing liver stage consists of asexual replication and the maturation of sporozoites into schizonts within the hepatocytes. The subsequent blood stage is initiated with the release of merozoites that infect red blood cells and is the period in which clinical symptoms occur. A small number of parasites in the blood develop into sexual-stage gametocytes, which can be taken up by the mosquito and continue the cycle of infection. The proteins that are expressed by plasmodia are life cycle stage specific: During the liver stage different (surface-) proteins like the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), liver stage antigens (LSA) and thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) are expressed, while the merozoite surface protein (MSP) are expressed during the blood stage (Heide et al., 2019). The CSP on the surface of Plasmodium sporozoites is important for parasite development, motility, and host hepatocyte invasion.

REFERENCES

• Anum et al. (2015). Measuring naturally acquired ex vivo IFN-γ responses to Plasmodium falciparum cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) in Ghanaian adults. Malar J. 14:20.
• Heide et al. (2019). Comprehensive Review of Human Plasmodium falciparum-Specific CD8 T Cell Epitopes. Frontiers in Immunology. Vol. 10, page 397.
• WHO. World Malaria Report 2017 (2017).
• World Health Organization: Malaria. Key facts.